Hormone disorder and the Pill tied to blood clots

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who have a hormone disorder called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and who take the birth control pill have twice the risk of blood clots than do other women on the Pill, according to a new study.

"For many women with PCOS, (the risks) will be small," said Dr. Christopher McCartney, an associate professor at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville, who was not involved in the new work. "For some women, they might be high enough to say we really shouldn't use the Pill, such as for women over 35 who smoke."

The three to five percent of women in the U.S. with PCOS have a hormone imbalance, which can lead to irregular periods, extra hair growth and higher risks for being overweight and developing hypertension and diabetes.

They are often treated with oral contraceptives, many of whose labels already include warnings about blood clots. A blood clot, also called venous thromboembolism, can be deadly if it spreads to the lungs, although none of the cases of blood clots in the study were fatal.

Because women with PCOS already tend to have more heart disease risk factors, researchers wanted to see if the Pill adds any additional risk.

They used medical and pharmacy information from a large health insurance database, including 43,500 women with PCOS.

On average, over the course of a particular year, about 24 out of every 10,000 women with PCOS taking the Pill were diagnosed with a blood clot, compared to about 11 out of every 10,000 women without the disorder using the contraceptive.

"Am I particularly surprised by the findings? No," said Dr. Shahla Nader-Eftekhari, a professor at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, who treats women with PCOS but was not involved in the current study.

OBESITY PLAYING A ROLE?

The study, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, could not say for sure why women with PCOS are more likely to have a blood clot.

McCartney said he suspects that obesity has something to do with it.

At the beginning of the study in 2001 the percent of women with and without PCOS who were obese was the same - about 13 percent - but by the end of the study in 2009, 33 percent of women with PCOS and 21 percent of women without the disorder were obese.

"I really think that could be something that's contributing to the risk," McCartney told Reuters Health.

"Weight not only contributes to the risks associated with the Pill, it also contributes to some of the symptoms of PCOS and some of the metabolic problems associated with PCOS," he added.

McCartney pointed out that the risk of developing a blood clot, even among women with PCOS, is still considered small, and shouldn't necessarily discourage women from taking the Pill.

Steven Bird, the lead author of the study and an epidemiologist with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said that the importance of the findings is to raise awareness among women and their doctors that there is an increased risk for them if they take the Pill.

"Although the risk is small, prescribers should consider the increased risk for blood clots in women with PCOS who are prescribed contraceptive therapy," Bird told Reuters Health by email.

McCartney agreed, and added that it's also a good reminder for doctors of women with PCOS to discuss the importance of maintaining a healthy weight.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/VgvaOa Canadian Medical Association Journal, online December 3, 2012.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hormone-disorder-pill-tied-blood-clots-182317034.html

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Alt-week 12.01.12: Bigfoot DNA, bombs on the moon and shapeshifting robots

Alt-week takes a look at the best science and alternative tech stories from the last seven days.

Science. We like to think of it as a force for good. But, in the wrong hands, this isn't always the case. Something we're reminded of all too well this week. As a counter to that negative vibe, we are also reminded that for every Yin, there is a Yang, and this comes in the form of some developments in med-science that could mean new technology options for the blind. Then there's the Bigfoot DNA and shape-shifting robots, of course. This is alt-week.

Continue reading Alt-week 12.01.12: Bigfoot DNA, bombs on the moon and shapeshifting robots

Filed under: Science, Alt

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/SJ2xULcX0IE/

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X-ray analysis deciphers master regulator important for skin cancer

ScienceDaily (Dec. 1, 2012) ? With the X-ray vision of DESY's light source DORIS, a research team from Hamburg and Iceland has uncovered the molecular structure of a master regulator central to the most deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma. The results, published in the scientific journal Genes & Development, throw new light on the workings of the so-called Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor MITF, that is not only connected to skin cancer, but also to a variety of hereditary diseases where the production of the skin pigment melanin is disturbed, and to certain aspects of ageing.

"Our data could provide a rational basis for the development of tailor-made drugs targeting MITF," explains first author Vivian Pogenberg from the Hamburg branch of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL).

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the cells that produce the skin pigment melanin, the melanocytes. It is not the most common form of skin cancer but the one with the greatest death toll by far: about 3 out of 4 skin cancer related deaths are caused by melanoma. Important for the development of melanoma are malfunctions of the Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor MITF. Transcription factors regulate which part of the DNA is read and transcribed into a blueprint for a protein within the cell. Only few parts of the DNA are active in each cell, and this activity also changes with time. MITF for instance activates the cell's machinery to turn the amino acid tyrosine into the pigment melanin.

But MITF also makes stem cells turn into melanocytes in the first place and controls cell proliferation and death in these cells. That's why MITF is called a master regulator. In fact, it also has functions in other cell types like mast cells of the immune system and bone eating osteoclasts. Mutations in MITF not only play a role in the development of skin cancer, but also cause severe genetic diseases like the Tietz and Waardenburg syndromes that lead to deafness, skin and hair pigmentation defects, abnormal eye anatomy and altered vision. The transcription factor also plays a role in our hair turning grey with age and other age-related pigmentation alterations.

The researchers crystallised MITF in the lab and x-rayed them with DORIS. Crystals scatter X-rays in characteristic ways and produce diffraction patterns from which the structure of the crystal -- and here MITF -- can be reconstructed. The analysis revealed unexpected molecular insertions that give MITF a unique kink. MITF forms a dimer with a long coiled-coil protein "zipper," and the kink in this zipper limits MITF's ability to bind to other transcription factors. The team could also identify structural changes caused by a number of MITF mutations known to lead to particular coat colours in mice and to Tietz or Waardenburg syndrome in humans. The different forms of MITF were supplied by the University of Iceland, where the lab of Eir?kur Steingr?msson hosts a comprehensive MITF library. Steingrimsson also provided his expertise in cell biology and genetics to support the structural data produced in Hamburg.

Thanks to the structural information from DORIS the team could also investigate the binding site of MITF to the DNA at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. The analysis revealed for instance that the eponymous mutation (the one leading to white coats and small eyes -- or microphthalmia -- in mice) causes structural changes in the MITF that prevents it from binding to the DNA. Other mutations also affect the binding site to the DNA, making MITF bind to the wrong genes. "Ultimately the goal will be to fully understand how MITF functions to evaluate how it can be targeted for potential treatment," says Matthias Wilmanns, a group leader at EMBL Hamburg. "One way would be, for instance, to design molecules that specifically stop MITF dimerisation in melanocytes," explains Pogenberg. "Or, on an alternative route, a different custom made molecule could stop the recognition of DNA by MITF."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Vivian Pogenberg et al. Restricted leucine zipper dimerization and specificity of DNA recognition of the melanocyte master regulator MITF. Genes & Development, 2012 DOI: 10.1101/gad.198192.112

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/7fEo_wBSeR4/121201085919.htm

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There's a Major Grand Canyon Controversy Going On Right Now

Conventional Grand Canyon wisdom holds two things to be true: it is exceptionally deep, and about five million years old. A new study, though, has pegged the yawning chasm's age as more than 10 times older than previously thought. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/yUWGK4e2q2Q/theres-a-major-grand-canyon-controversy-going-on-right-now

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Assistant Professor of Education - HigherEdJobs

Iowa Wesleyan College seeks an Assistant Professor of Education to begin fall 2013. This is a nine-month, tenure-track position, with the
option to teach during the summer. The successful candidate will teach day and night classes, and will teach both online and traditional
formats. In addition to teaching, this person will advise teacher education students, serve on committees, assist in the development and
submission of program reviews, and collaborate with faculty on other program duties.

Responsibilities include teaching a wide variety of courses contingent upon candidate's training and experience. Preferred courses include elementary methods in reading, educational psychology, or any elementary or secondary methods area. Preferred qualifications include Ph.D. or Ed.D. in education, minimum of two years of PK-12 teaching experience, and a commitment to undergraduate education in a liberal arts residential college.

Iowa Wesleyan College, affiliated with the United Methodist Church, is a liberal arts college of approximately 700 students located in SE Iowa.

A complete application will include a letter of application, curriculum vitae, graduate transcripts, and three letters of reference. Electronic submissions are preferred and may be sent to jeffrey.fager@iwc.edu. Paper applications may be sent to Dr. Jeffrey Fager, Academic Dean, Iowa Wesleyan College, 601 North Main Street, Mt. Pleasant, IA 52461. Phone: 319-385-6205.

Formal consideration of all applications begins January 15th and will continue until position is filled. Iowa Wesleyan is an EOE employer.

It is the policy of Iowa Wesleyan College not to discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, disability, age, religion, creed, sexual orientation or gender identity in the provision of its educational programs and in its employment policies and practices. Questions, concerns or complaints should be addressed to the Office of Human Resources, 319.385.6209.

Source: http://www.higheredjobs.com/details.cfm?JobCode=175697993

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Swift Marathon confident about the Tote Gold Collar 550 Round 1 ...

Swift Marathon confident about the Tote Gold Collar 550 Round 1 ? Heat 5

The ?100 prize money of the fifth heat of the 2012 Tote Gold Collar 550 Round 1 has attracted Hillcourt Joe, Swift Marathon, Head For Fame, Ravenswood Joey, Donanes Facebook and Gizmo Classic. The 550 yards flat race will be staged at Harold?s Cross on Friday, 30^th November. Racing out of the red trap will be, Hillcourt Joe, while racing in the black and white of the sixth trap will be, Gizmo Classic.

All the entries in the line-up are well seasoned at the open level and have been racing at it since quite a while now.

The most promising entry for the race is the blue trap, Swift Marathon. Out of the last three outings, the S. Graham trained has landed two and ended third in one.

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The two-year-old dark hound was on the other end of the wire in 30.42 seconds.

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The blue trap was set into a quick pace initially but failed due to getting baulked when racing in the first position. The race was won by, Coolykereen Imp, in 28.56 seconds.

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Swift Marathon made into the race as the favourite entry and broke out of the red trap. He was soon speeding past the rest of the lot and consequently made the transition to the other end of the wire in 28.85 seconds. His lead over the final 1 ? length set Donanes Facebook as the runner-up.

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Source: http://blogs.bettor.com/Swift-Marathon-confident-about-the-Tote-Gold-Collar-550-Round-1-Heat-5-a204909

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